{"id":12545,"date":"2018-06-14T09:24:44","date_gmt":"2018-06-14T02:24:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=12545"},"modified":"2018-07-13T16:34:49","modified_gmt":"2018-07-13T09:34:49","slug":"cong-bo-su-that-ve-benh-nhan-dau-tien-su-dung-khang-sinh-penicillin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/cong-bo-su-that-ve-benh-nhan-dau-tien-su-dung-khang-sinh-penicillin\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1ng sinh penicillin"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u00f3a ra chuy\u1ec7n gai h\u1ed3ng khi\u1ebfn Alexander b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng m\u00e1u ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u1ee5y t\u00e1c.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c Alexander Fleming ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra penicillin v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1928 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd. Ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m \u1ea5y, Fleming qu\u00e1 m\u1ec7t n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng r\u1eeda nh\u1eefng \u0111\u0129a th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. H\u00f4m sau, khi th\u1ee9c d\u1eady, \u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u0129a petri s\u1ea1ch b\u00f3ng vi khu\u1ea9n.<\/div>\n
\n

Th\u00ec ra ch\u1ee7ng n\u1ea5m sinh s\u00f4i trong \u0111\u0129a th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebft ra kh\u00e1ng sinh gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft vi khu\u1ea9n xung quanh n\u00f3. V\u00e0 nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u2013 Fleming \u0111\u00e3 may m\u1eafn c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, v\u00e0i n\u0103m sau khi penicillin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm ra, v\u1ecb b\u00e1c s\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Scotland \u0111\u00e3 lao v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf penicillin tinh khi\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u01a1n 1 th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n giao l\u1ea1i cho Howard Florey, Ernst Chain v\u00e0 Norman Heatley \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Oxford. Ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 2 \u0111\u1eb7t ra y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng cho binh l\u00ednh th\u00ec c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

\n
\"C\u00f4ng<\/div>\n
\n

Alexander Fleming ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra penicillin v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1928, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1ed1c penicillin<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng penicillin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Constable Albert Alexander. Theo nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ghi l\u1ea1i, Alexander \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng m\u00e1u, xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng b\u1ecb gai hoa h\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e2m khi \u0111ang t\u1ec9a hoa trong m\u1ed9t khu v\u01b0\u1eddn xinh \u0111\u1eb9p \u1edf ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng Wootton, Oxfordshire, \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a thu n\u0103m 1940.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m penicillin tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2013 sau khi lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eefa kh\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng \u1edf chu\u1ed9t v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u00ean c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n vi\u00ean m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh nan y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Alexander nhanh ch\u00f3ng x\u1ea5u \u0111i sau khi nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng m\u00e1u ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n. N\u1eb1m trong b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n Radcliffe \u1edf Oxford, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00e1c v\u1ebft \u00e1p xe v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eaft \u0111\u00e3 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u1eaft b\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 cho r\u1eb1ng penecillin l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00f3. Trong v\u00f2ng 5 ng\u00e0y, Alexander \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eam 200 mg penicillin, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean 300 mg m\u1ed7i 3 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 ghi nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd di\u1ec5n ra v\u1edbi Alexander ch\u1ec9 sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c thu\u1ed1c penicillin khi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 b\u1ecb b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft ra kh\u1ecfi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 nhanh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i, Florey so s\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc b\u1ed3n t\u1eafm kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eady n\u1eafp c\u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fd do c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u1ec1u l\u1edbn, m\u1ed7i 3 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, thay v\u00ec 12 ti\u1ebfng m\u1ed9t li\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 kh\u00e1ng sinh ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

N\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a Alexander \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp r\u1ed3i mang \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t penicillin t\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ec7nh h\u1ecdc Sir William Dunn. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, Chain tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 chi\u1ebft c\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng penicillin qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a Alexander \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ee7. Alexander t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

\n
\"C\u00f4ng<\/div>\n
\n

H\u00f3a ra chuy\u1ec7n gai h\u1ed3ng khi\u1ebfn Alexander b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng m\u00e1u ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u1ee5y t\u00e1c<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Alexander \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, r\u1eb1ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 penicillin, Alexander s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eefa kh\u1ecfi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Heatley, Florey \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi Hoa K\u1ef3. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ty d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m l\u1edbn (bao g\u1ed3m Merck, E R Squibb & Sons, Charles Pfizer & Co. v\u00e0 Lederle Laboratories) m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t penicillin.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II, h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n binh s\u0129 \u0110\u1ed3ng minh \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t sau nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 b\u1ec7nh l\u1eadu. Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1ng sinh khi \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Mike Barrett tr\u00ean trang Mosaic \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Sheila LeBlanc, con g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Constable Alexander, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng \u1edf California. Barrett g\u1eedi email cho Sheila v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi t\u1eeb b\u00e0.<\/p>\n

Sheila k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i, sau khi cha b\u00e0 qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1941, b\u00e0 v\u00e0 anh trai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1i tr\u1ebb m\u1ed3 c\u00f4i v\u00ec m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai, Edith, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

\n
\"C\u00f4ng<\/div>\n
\n

Howard Florey thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty d\u01b0\u1ee3c M\u1ef9 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ng sinh h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t, khi \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean kh\u00e1ng sinh m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950, Sheila ph\u1ea3i l\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t anh ch\u00e0ng M\u1ef9. H\u1ecd k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn M\u1ef9. M\u00e3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Sheila m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn ra Albert Alexander trong c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00fa v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed y t\u1ebf, sau khi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1eeda nh\u00e0 Edith Alexander v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi li\u1ec7u \u00f4ng \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xin m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng penicillin.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt Sheila cung c\u1ea5p, h\u00f3a ra chuy\u1ec7n gai h\u1ed3ng khi\u1ebfn cha b\u00e0 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng m\u00e1u ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u1ee5y t\u00e1c, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Sheila nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng nh\u00e0 b\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t khu v\u01b0\u1eddn hoa h\u1ed3ng xinh \u0111\u1eb9p. Cha c\u00f4 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft r\u00e1ch g\u1ea7n mi\u1ec7ng, x\u1ea3y ra trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u00e9m bom c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i Southampton, n\u01a1i \u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1940.<\/p>\n

Tham kh\u1ea3o\u00a0Mosaic<\/i><\/p>\n

B\u00c1O \u0110I\u1ec6N T\u1eec TR\u00cd TH\u1ee8C TR\u1eba<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u00f3a ra chuy\u1ec7n gai h\u1ed3ng khi\u1ebfn Alexander b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng m\u00e1u ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u1ee5y t\u00e1c. Vi\u1ec7c Alexander Fleming ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra penicillin v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1928 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd. Ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m \u1ea5y, Fleming qu\u00e1 m\u1ec7t n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng r\u1eeda nh\u1eefng \u0111\u0129a th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. H\u00f4m sau, khi th\u1ee9c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":12546,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12545","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12545","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12545"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12545\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12547,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12545\/revisions\/12547"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12546"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12545"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12545"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12545"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}