{"id":10136,"date":"2018-04-26T14:03:01","date_gmt":"2018-04-26T07:03:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=10136"},"modified":"2018-05-02T17:08:08","modified_gmt":"2018-05-02T10:08:08","slug":"thuat-toan-doc-tri-nao-nay-co-the-tai-hien-lai-nhung-thu-ban-dang-thay-bang-du-lieu-quet-nao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/thuat-toan-doc-tri-nao-nay-co-the-tai-hien-lai-nhung-thu-ban-dang-thay-bang-du-lieu-quet-nao\/","title":{"rendered":"Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u00ed n\u00e3o n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qu\u00e9t n\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u00e0 ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n qu\u00e9t fMRI. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ng th\u1ea7n kinh v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n.<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau th\u00fa v\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n kinh h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee5p c\u1eaft l\u1edbp n\u00e3o. Theo \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch theo d\u00f5i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong v\u00f9ng v\u1ecf n\u00e3o th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee5p c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng (fMRI) l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong kh\u00f4ng gian ba chi\u1ec1u b\u00ean trong n\u00e3o ra c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea3nh hai chi\u1ec1u trong m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i kh\u00f3? B\u1edfi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n qu\u00e9t fMRI th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec5u h\u1ea1t, v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea3nh ba chi\u1ec1u l\u1ea1i d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea3nh ba chi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf, do \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh n\u00f3, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m \u0111i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft l\u00e0 t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n qu\u00e9t fMRI v\u00e0 t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e3o ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

H\u00f4m nay, nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Changde Du t\u1ea1i Trung t\u00e2m Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh N\u00e3o b\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i B\u1eafc Kinh, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 cho bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. C\u00e1ch l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u (deep-learning) c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o h\u01a1n v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan phi tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea3nh ba chi\u1ec1u. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u1eb1m t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

Changde v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh fMRI c\u1ee7a v\u1ecf n\u00e3o th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u00e1c – ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb hay m\u1ed9t k\u00fd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb. M\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n qu\u00e9t v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh g\u1ed1c m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n qu\u00e9t fMRI nh\u1eb1m t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 truy c\u1eadp h\u01a1n 1.800 b\u1ea3n qu\u00e9t fMRI c\u00f9ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd xem \u0111\u00e2y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 90% s\u1ed1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n m\u1ea1ng th\u1ea7n kinh hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n qu\u00e9t n\u00e3o v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh g\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 10% s\u1ed1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ea1ng th\u1ea7n kinh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p cho n\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n qu\u00e9t v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00f3 t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh g\u1ed1c ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

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\"Thu\u1eadt<\/div>\n
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K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e3o. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh g\u1ed1c \u1edf tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng, c\u00f2n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f9ng<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

L\u1ee3i th\u1ebf l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng th\u1ea7n kinh s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea3nh ba chi\u1ec1u n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea3nh ba chi\u1ec1u m\u1ed9t l\u00fac.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3 c\u00f2n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea3nh ba chi\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1edfi n\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd b\u1ecb xem l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m nhi\u1ec5u v\u00e0 b\u1ecb x\u00f3a b\u1ecf. Do \u0111\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1edbi n\u00e0y – \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111a th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u” – khai th\u00e1c nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fang v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec5u h\u1ea1t th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, Changde v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e3o kh\u00e1c. H\u1ecd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p so s\u00e1nh h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 xem c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh th\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng th\u00fa v\u1ecb. Nh\u00ecn chung, c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1 gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh g\u1ed1c (h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tr\u00ean). Trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, ch\u00fang ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u so s\u00e1nh h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. “C\u00e1c so s\u00e1nh th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m bao qu\u00e1t cho th\u1ea5y h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfp t\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee5p fMRI ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n h\u1eb3n<\/i>” – Changde v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 cho bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e3o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n n\u00e3o – m\u00e1y m\u00f3c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Ti\u1ebfp theo, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c khung c\u1ea3nh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. Changde v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 cho bi\u1ebft h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u00e2m thanh v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Ai m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt qu\u00e9t n\u00e3o \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111ang ngh\u0129 g\u00ec, hay \u0111ang m\u01a1 g\u00ec!<\/p>\n

Tham kh\u1ea3o: MIT TechnologyReview<\/i><\/p>\n

Tr\u00ed Th\u1ee9c Tr\u1ebb<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u00e0 ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n qu\u00e9t fMRI. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ng th\u1ea7n kinh v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau th\u00fa v\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n kinh h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":10137,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10136","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10136","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10136"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10136\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10148,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10136\/revisions\/10148"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10137"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10136"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10136"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10136"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}