{"id":10127,"date":"2018-04-26T13:46:33","date_gmt":"2018-04-26T06:46:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=10127"},"modified":"2018-05-02T17:06:31","modified_gmt":"2018-05-02T10:06:31","slug":"chuyen-chua-ke-ve-dai-dich-zika-lam-the-nao-cac-nha-khoa-hoc-chup-duoc-anh-virus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/chuyen-chua-ke-ve-dai-dich-zika-lam-the-nao-cac-nha-khoa-hoc-chup-duoc-anh-virus\/","title":{"rendered":"Chuy\u1ec7n ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch Zika: L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh virus?"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Cryo-EM \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi sinh h\u1ecdc nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed.<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n ra c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac sinh h\u1ecdc, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 virus. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c virus, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf v\u1eafc-xin ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

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Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u00ecn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c virus \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f3. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 virus c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac si\u00eau ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 \u00e1c t\u00ednh m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee7ng Zika g\u00e2y ra \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2015-2016.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang? Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng con virus Zika ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng 40 nm (nh\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng 1\/2.500 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh s\u1ee3i t\u00f3c).<\/p>\n

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\"Chuy\u1ec7n<\/div>\n
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Cryo-EM: C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh virus<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

R\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch Zika hai n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 gi\u1ea3i Nobel H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc n\u0103m 2017.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5 d\u1ed3n con m\u1eaft v\u00e0o hai nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh pin Li-ion, Stanley Whittingham v\u00e0 John Goodenough; nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc tr\u1ebb t\u00e0i ba Feng Zhang t\u1ea1i MIT v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda gen CRISPR tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi; ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 ba Tsutomu Miyasaka (Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n), Park Nam-Gyu (H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c) v\u00e0 Henry Snaith (Anh), v\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u g\u1ed1m Perovskite \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ba nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Jacques Dubochet (Th\u1ee5y S\u0129), Joachim Frank (M\u1ef9) v\u00e0 Richard Henderson (Anh), nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i t\u00ean kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n n\u00e0o, m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eadt gi\u1ea3i. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a Dubochet, Frank v\u00e0 Henderson v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Zika v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

Ba nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh m\u1eabu v\u1eadt sinh h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u01b0\u1edbi k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Cryo-EM (cryo-electron microscopy).<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eebng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00f4 c\u01a1. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed sinh h\u1ecdc th\u00ec kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ch\u00ednh lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi b\u1eafn ph\u00e1. Ch\u1ec9 khi Cryo-EM ra \u0111\u1eddi, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed sinh h\u1ecdc, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 protein ho\u1eb7c virus b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u00fang theo ngh\u0129a \u0111en.<\/p>\n

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\"Chuy\u1ec7n<\/div>\n
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Gi\u1ea3i Nobel H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc n\u0103m 2017 d\u00e0nh cho 3 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Cryo-EM<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Cryo-EM \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u00ean m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u00f3a sinh, \u0111\u01b0a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi sinh h\u1ecdc nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a virus Zika, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 virus n\u00e0y gi\u1eefa t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

\u201cR\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c virus Zika<\/i>\u201d, Devika Sirohi, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sinh ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Purdue, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o khoa h\u1ecdc xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 2016 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac virus Zika cho bi\u1ebft. Zika l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho th\u1ea5y \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Cryo-EM.<\/p>\n

Khi virus Zika b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e2y lan v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ecb t\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1ecf \u1edf tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ng\u1eadp trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a virus \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Zika c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u00ec kh\u00e1c so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng virus kh\u00e1c trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1t xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1ed1t T\u00e2y s\u00f4ng Nin?<\/p>\n

Ngay t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2016, c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u lao v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea1nh tranh xem ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac virus Zika s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 3 th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 Sirohi c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 Zhenguo Chen, Lei Sun Thomas Klose, Michael Rossmann v\u00e0 Richard Kuhn t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Purdue v\u00e0 Theodore Pierson t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n C\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 Nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng Qu\u1ed1c gia Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, 3 chi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 virus Zika.<\/p>\n

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\"Chuy\u1ec7n<\/div>\n
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M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi Cryo-EM, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c protein c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a virus Zika<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tia X ho\u1eb7c k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh virus. Trong \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c ch\u00f9m tia X ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eafn v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu ph\u1ea9m. Sau khi ch\u00fang t\u00e1n x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac virus s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1edd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u00e1n x\u1ea1 \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng virus c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e0ng m\u1ec1m, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u1ecf ra \u00edt hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu m\u1eabu th\u1eed r\u1eafn, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh s\u1ebd cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi m\u1eabu th\u1eed l\u1ecfng, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00ec lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec5u t\u1eeb ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eabu th\u1eed r\u1eafn m\u00e0 v\u1eabn b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n nguy\u00ean tr\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac sinh h\u1ecdc, Dubochet \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f4ng r\u1eafn protein b\u1eb1ng nitrogen l\u1ecfng, \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 -196o<\/sup>C (g\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, -273,15o<\/sup>C, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eebng m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t). Do th\u1eddi gian h\u00f3a r\u1eafn nhanh n\u00ean c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng protein.<\/p>\n

B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh nhanh n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh l\u00e1t c\u1eaft 2D c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac sinh h\u1ecdc. Henderson \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00ed c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m \u1ea3nh 2D r\u1ed3i gh\u00e9p ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac 3D, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee5p c\u1eaft l\u1edbp CT.<\/p>\n

Frank th\u00ec gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ed1, trung b\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac protein ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 3 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m \u1ea3nh virus Zika \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1eeda nanomet.<\/p>\n

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\"Chuy\u1ec7n<\/div>\n
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Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh 2 chi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a virus Zika, ch\u1ee5p d\u01b0\u1edbi k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u1ee5p c\u00e0ng chi ti\u1ebft th\u00ec c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3. Nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a Sirohi c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee5p \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 3.000 \u1ea3nh t\u1eeb k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. V\u00ec v\u1eady, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu virus c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao.<\/p>\n

“Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam, l\u00e0m tinh khi\u1ebft m\u1eabu ph\u1ea9m, thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, qua l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch virus \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c thu th\u1eadp th\u00eam d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/i>“, Sirohi n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh 3D t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh 2D c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. M\u1ed9t khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, bao g\u1ed3m Relion v\u00e0 jspr. Hai ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eebng g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn, l\u1ea5y trung b\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m \u1ea3nh, v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa, kh\u1eed c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m nhi\u1ec5u m\u00e0 k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra. M\u1ed7i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec5u – khi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eafn t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng m\u1eabu virus.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh 2D t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a virus Zika khi d\u1ef1ng th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh 3D quay trong kh\u00f4ng gian. C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, d\u1ec5 thao t\u00e1c h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng “bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i Fourier<\/i>“, thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh to\u00e1n cao c\u1ea5p \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u1eb7p h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i 2D n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t chung. H\u00e3y suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng l\u00e1t c\u1eaft t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng, m\u1ed9t c\u1eaft theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t ngang. M\u1ed7i l\u00e1t s\u1ebd gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n, v\u00e0 hai h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n s\u1ebd giao nhau tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00fang tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh 3D c\u1ee7a virus. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh 3D \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh virus Zika c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng icosahedral (n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t virus h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u).<\/p>\n

V\u1eady l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac virus Zika \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111en tr\u1eafng, b\u1edfi k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu v\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c virus tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u00e0u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n, th\u1ef1c ra kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n, m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u mu\u1ed1n t\u00f4 m\u00e0u c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c, bao g\u1ed3m Coot, Phenix, v\u00e0 CNS, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n t\u1eed trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a virus Zika: bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c protein ri\u00eang l\u1ebb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c axit amin c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, 3 chi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Zika \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta m\u1ee5c s\u1edf th\u1ecb v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7ng virus nguy hi\u1ec3m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

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\"Chuy\u1ec7n<\/div>\n
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C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a virus Zika \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4 m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c nhau, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc d\u1ec5 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 cryo-EM \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00f2ng 5 n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, n\u00f3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Melissa Chambers, chuy\u00ean gia cryo-EM t\u1ea1i Trung t\u00e2m K\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0110i\u1ec7n t\u1eed h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Harvard, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i<\/i>“.<\/p>\n

Chambers \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c m\u00e1y d\u00f2 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n m\u1edbi, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n. B\u00e0i b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac virus Zika ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i b\u00e1o m\u1edbi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cryo-EM \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh gh\u00e9p nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i cao th\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. Chambers cho bi\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia chuy\u00ean tr\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n, c\u00e1c k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1edbi \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a h\u01a1n, d\u1ec5 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng h\u01a1n. “Thay v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean d\u00f9ng k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed … \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd m\u1edf ra c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01a1n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y [v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee5p cho m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m \u1ea3nh]<\/i>“.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1edd v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Zika, Sirohi v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7ng virus n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Zika \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a virus.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y Cryo-EM s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 quan tr\u1ecdng, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111e d\u1ecda th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 Zika v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb, ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba ch\u00fang.
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