The purpose of the research process is to develop a specific day-to-day process for growing cantaloupe. At the same time, it is possible to check the growth indicators of cantaloupe plants through each stage.
Method
Seed treatment and incubation: Soak in water with a ratio of 2 boiling: 3 cold for 3-5 hours. Then, incubate in a damp towel for 8-12 hours.
Seeds are soaked with a ratio of 2 boiling: 3 cold
Seeds are prepared for incubation in a damp towel
Prepare the substrate
Treatment of substrate: Must choose well-brewed coir that is no longer acrid and salty. If the coir is new, it can be washed with tap water until the water comes out no longer colored or directly soaked in the ditch for 5 to 7 days for acrid. Then let it dry or incubate for use.
After being mixed, the media is dried and treated with fungi and bacteria. Treat fungi with probiotics EM1 and Trichoderma. Then water again to moisten before planting.
Sowing seeds into the substrate: Put the treated media into the seeding tray, water the tray to moisten and then sow the seeds into the plant. Cover the surface with an initially mixed medium and water.
Seeds are sown in the media
Prepare planting pots: usually bamboo pots or plastic pots with pot rim radius from 9cm to 15cm depending on the number of plants planted.
Planting: After 14 days, the seeds germinate when the tree has 3 leaves, proceed to transfer the seedlings to the pot. Planting in the cool afternoon, place the plant gently to avoid damage to the seedlings, do not compress too tightly, after planting, water immediately.
Watering and fertilizing: Use a drip irrigation system and a composting kit.
Take care of plant:
Prune off axillary branches.
Control plant diseases.
Damage control left.
Planting pots
Through experiment, the following results were obtained:
- Germination rate
– Plants that reach germination rate are higher than 97%.
- Growth and development
- Plants grow fast and strong.
– During this period, the plant needs to be supplemented with nitrogen and phosphorus according to the EC dose of the nutrient tank, the ratio of 3 nitrogen 1 phosphorus and the EC is 12.
Table 1. Plant length growth over weeks (cm)
No. Week Tree 1 Tree 2 Plants 3 Trees 4 Plants 5 Medium1 6.5 6.5 4.5 7 6 6.1
2 10 10.5 9 9.5 10.5 9.9
3 22 26 20 22 21.5 22.3
4 36 40 35 33 32 35.2
5 65 70 62 61 59 63.4
6 98 103 96 89 92 95.6
7 130 140 138 136 129 134.6
8 180 190 192 185 179 185.2
9 215 220 220 218 215 217.6
10 215 220 220 218 215 217.6
The tree length developed well and uniformly through the data collection times.
The tree develops to the 35th leaf (when the tree has fruited for 2 weeks), then proceed to cut the buds to develop fruit.
Supplement the tree periodically.
Plants begin to flower when they are 30 days old.
The net house control system helps to support timely watering and nutrition for plants with the following values:
- Soil moisture over 70%.
- EC concentration 12.
The temperature should not exceed 45 degrees Celsius.
- The amount of water for plants increased gradually over the weeks from 200ml to 700ml on day 30.
Flowering tree
Table 2. Average number of female flowers of the plant
No. Tree 1 Tree 2 Tree 3 Tree 4 Tree 5 Medium
Flower number 9 10 8 12 10 9.8
– The average number of female flowers of the plant is 10 flowers (calculating the female flowers from leaves 7 to 17):
- The best female flowers are from flowers 9 to 13.
- The tree continues to produce female flowers after the 17th leaf, but the flowers are small at this time and the ability to set fruit and raise fruit is not high.
- Due to growing in a net house, it is necessary to pollinate the plants.
After 1 week of flowering, the tree begins to bear young fruit.
Female flowers set young fruit
- Fruit care and harvest
– Prune leaves around the left, cut the top at the 35th leaf.
– During the fruit care period, it is necessary to add potassium with the ratio of nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium is 1: 1: 2 and gradually increase to 1: 0: 3 when the fruit begins to create a net around the left.
– Hang the fruit on the rope when the fruit is heavy compared to the strength of the tree.
Table 3. Left diameter by weeks
No. Fruit Diameter 1 Tree 2 Trees 3 Plants 4 Plants 5 MediumWeek 1 2 1.5 1.5 2 2 1.8
Week 2 4 4 3.5 4.5 4 4
Week 3 7 6.5 6.5 7 7 6.8
Week 4 10.5 10 10.5 10 10.5 10.3
Week 5 12 11.5 12 11.5 12 11.8
Week 6 14 15.5 15 14 14 14.5
- Fruits grow evenly over the weeks (week 1 of the fruit is week 4 of the tree)
- The fruit is 4 weeks old, it begins to have a net outer shell.
When the tree reaches 75 days old, the fruit will begin to be harvested.
– Measure the sugar level of the fruit when harvested, a sugar level above 12 is satisfactory.
Harvested fruit
Table 4. Average weight of fruit (kg)
No. Left 1 Left 2 Left 3 Left 4 Left 5 Medium
Weight 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.7
- Pest prevention
– Plants grown in net houses should limit the majority of pests
– During the seedling stage, it is necessary to prevent snails and crickets from biting the young stem of the plant with drugs MOI OC 6GR, Tox bait…
– Pest and disease control spray Radiant, Vertimec 1.8ND, Actara 25WG
- Plant diseases.
- Seedling wilt disease: root neck rot, root yellowing, seedling atrophy.
Treatment: Thane – M 80WP, Validan 3DD – 5DD, Aliette + Rovral.
- Late blight: The disease causes yellowing of polygonal & angular leaves.
Spray Gekko, Score 250ND, Amsitar top 325 SC,…
- Melasma disease): The disease usually appears in the rainy season when the plant begins to flower to harvest. First, the leaves are wilted in the shape of a V, there are long cracks on the stem near the base, the cap is leaking into the place. crack.
Prevention and treatment: When the disease appears, reduce irrigation water, reduce nitrogen fertilizer and combine with spraying to wet the roots and stems of melons Score 250ND, Bavistin 50FL, Polyram 80DF, Dithane green M45 80WP.
Through the experiment, the research team noted a number of suggestions such as the need to take measures to prevent flooding of the net house due to heavy rain to avoid waterlogging of the plants. One point to note is that in the stormy season, high winds will easily cause the tree to fall, causing the tree to overturn and break the roots, affecting the growth of the tree.
Nguyen Thi Van
Đăng ngày: 25/03/2020